Fig. 11.1 Endoscopic view of an anastomotic stricture after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Fig. 11.2 Endoscopic view showing a balloon catheter traversing the gastrojejunal anastomosis Fig. 11.3 Endoscopic view showing gastrojejunal…
Fig. 16.1 Pathophysiology of dumping syndrome and mode of action of different therapeutic agents The rapid emptying of hyperosmolar contents into the small intestine is followed by a fluid shift…
BMI (kg/m2) Classification Principal cut-off points Additional cut-off points Normal range 18.50–24.99 18.50–22.99 23.00–24.99 Overweight ≥25.00 ≥25.00 Pre-obese 25.00–29.99 25.00–27.49 27.50–29.99 Obese ≥30.00 ≥30.00 Obese class I 30.00–34.99 30.00–32.49…
BMI category Treatment 25–26.9 27–29.9 30–34.9 35–39.9 ≥40 Diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy With comorbidities With comorbidities + + + Pharmacotherapy With comorbidities + + + Surgery With…
Fig. 4.1 (a) Fundic gland polyps. (b) Fundic gland polyps on narrow band imaging (NBI); they do not appear to have a bluish cap that most adenomas do Hyperplastic polyps…
Fig. 2.1 The hypothesis of a role of the gut in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. A dysfunctional intestinal signal is posited to be involved in the pathophysiology of…
Fig. 1.1 The clasp and sling muscle fibers that make up the lower esophageal reflux barrier in the contracted and relaxed state Fig. 1.2 The anatomic relationship of the gastroesophageal…
Surgical fundoplication 360° Fundoplication (Nissen Fundoplication) 180° Posterior fundoplication (Toupet Fundoplication) 180° Anterior fundoplication (Dor Fundoplication) Posterior gastropexy (Hill Procedure) Transthoracic posterior plication (Belsey Procedure) Endoluminal procedures Radiofrequency application to…
Fig. 8.1 Barium swallow radiographs can be the first indication of an esophageal motility disorder as seen here in this classic corkscrew appearance of diffuse esophageal spasm Hiatal or Paraesophageal…
