Fig. 11.1 Transabdominal ultrasound showing hyperechoic structure with postacoustic shadowing representing cholelithiasis Questions: 1. Which of the aforementioned liver function test abnormalities are most important for medical decision making for…
Score (points) 1 2 3 No. of polyps 1–4 5–20 > 20 Size (mm) 1–4 5–10 > 10 Histology Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Dysplasia Mild Moderate Severe Stage 0: 0 point, Stage I:…
Fig. 6.1 Transabdominal ultrasound revealing a large (128 × 103 mm) cystic lesion in right lobe of liver with internal echoes How Is Cholangitis Diagnosed? Etiologies of Cholangitis Biliary stones are…
Site/Lesion Number of cases required Mucosal tumors (cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and rectum) 75 Subepithelial abnormalities 40 Pancreaticobiliary 75 EUS-FNA 50 (includes 25 pancreatic FNA) Non-pancreatic FNA 25 Pancreatic…
Grade of difficulty Biliary procedures Pancreatic procedures Grade 1 Diagnostic cholangiogram Diagnostic pancreatogram Biliary cytology Pancreatic cytology Standard sphincterotomy with removal of stones < 10 mm Stricture dilation, stent or nasobiliary drain…
Fig. 3.1 Substernal goiter. Sheets of bland-appearing follicular epithelial cells and colloid (a). Focal oxyphilic change is also present (b). (DiffQuik stain, high magnification) Thymoma Thymoma is a neoplasm of…
Fig. 5.1. Histologic and ultrasound correlation of the GI wall concentric layers. 1. Mucosa/interface (clear line); 2. Deep mucosa (lamina propria, muscularis mucosa) (dark line); 3. Submucosa (clear line); 4.Muscularis…
Fig. 6.1. Radial EUS showing the five circumferential layers of the normal rectal wall. (Courtesy of Drs. Vikesh K. Singh and Vivek Kumbhari, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Maryland, USA) ERUS-FNA,…
Fig. 4.1. Nodal cancer staging. Ultrasound features of benign (a) and suspicious (b, calipers) lymph nodes Table 4.1. Nodal staging sonographic criteria (Fig. 4.1) N0 Sonographic feature N1 < 1 cm Size > 1 cm…
Fig. 2.1. Echoendoscope with radial transducer. (Olympus GF-UE 160, Olympus America, Center Valley, PA) Fig. 2.2. Echoendoscope with linear transducer. (Olympus GF-UC140P, Olympus America, Center Valley, PA) Fig. 2.3. A…
