Minimal sedation (anxiolysis) Moderate sedation/analgesia Deep sedation/analgesia General anesthesia Responsiveness Normal response to verbal stimuli Purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation Purposeful response after repeated/painful stimulation No response,…
Device Manufacturer Comments ERCP cannulation catheters Boston Scientific, ConMed, Mediglobe, Telemed Curved, straight, or tapered tip, 0.018–0.035 in wire Sphincterotomes Cook Medical, Mediglobe, Olympus Limited to double lumen, cannot take…
Fig. 24.1 The FNA mobile cart is equipped with a double-headed microscope as well as a Diff–Quik setup to stain slides for on-site assessment At a minimum, the endoscopist can…
Benign Malignant Inflammatory Primary Cancer Primary sclerosing cholangitis Pancreatic Chronic pancreatitis Biliary Acute pancreatitis Hepatocellular Recurrent cholangitis Ampullary Gallstone induced Gallbladder Autoimmune (cholangitis or pancreatitis) Iatrogenic Metastatic Cancer Post cholecystectomy…
Fig. 28.1 A subepithelial lesion identified in the proximal rectum in a patient with a prior history of sigmoid colon cancer What is the Differential Diagnosis of Subepithelial Lesions? The…
Benign (no malignant potential) Premalignant or malignant Serous cystadenomaa Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Pseudocyst Mucinous cystic neoplasm Lymphoepithelial cyst Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm Retention cyst Cystic neuroendocrine tumor Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst…
Fig. 32.1 EUS identifies an 18 × 12 mm cystic lesion with solid peripheral component in the tail of the pancreas, which clearly communicates with the main pancreatic duct and did…
Fig. 2.1 a Probe-confocal laser endomicroscopy ( pCLE) image of normal bile duct with reticular network of thin dark branching bands and light gray background. b pCLE image of bile…
Fig. 25.1 White light endoscopy showing near circumferential mass in distal esophagus (Courtesy Dr. Tamas Gonda, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY) Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer Esophageal cancer is…
Indications Primary diagnosis of pancreatic masses Differentiation of cystic pancreatic lesions Evaluation of unexplained periluminal lymphadenopathy Diagnosis of gastrointestinal intramural lesions Staging of digestive and pulmonary malignancies Sampling of peritoneal…
