Manufacturer Device name Sheath diameter (French) Sheath length (cm) Needle gauge Needle length (mm) Boston Scientific (Natick, MA) Interject sclerotherapy needle 7 200, 240 23, 25 4, 6 ConMed Endoscopic…
Score Age Shock Comorbidities Diagnosis Evidence of recent bleeding 0 <60 No shock No major comorbidity Mallory-Weiss, no bleeding or lesion identified None or dark spot only 1 60–79 Pulse…
Endoscopes Overtubes Accessories Flexible endoscope 45–60-cm-long overtubes Retrieval net Rigid endoscope Grasping forceps Laryngoscope Dormia basket Polypectomy snares Transparent vacuum cap Latex protector hood Kelly or McGill forceps Fig. 16.1…
Pancreatic Gallstone pancreatitis Infected pancreatic pseudocyst Infected pancreatic necrosis Occluded pancreatic stent Biliary Acute cholangitis Acute cholecystitis Bile leak Hepatic abscess Pancreas In this section, we address acute gallstone pancreatitis,…
Fig. 12.1 Approach to the management of acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EBL, endoscopic band ligation; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) Initial Assessment and Resuscitation In patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal…
Fig. 13.1 Large fundal varices in cluster of grapes formation The Sarin classification is commonly used to categorize gastric varices on the basis of their location in the stomach and…
Protective mechanism Risk factors compromising protective mechanism Mechanical Sphincter of Oddi Sphincterotomy, biliary stents Tight junction Increased intrabiliary pressures Bacteriostatic Bile flow Increased intrabiliary pressures Bile mucus Bile stasis Bile…
Fig. 17.1 (a) Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction with significantly dilated colon throughout. (b) Colonoscope advancement as far as technically safe and feasible to the right colon. (c) Fluoroscopic placement of colonic…
Procedural bleeding risk Thromboembolism risk Low High Low Continue antithrombotic medications Continue antithrombotic medications High Temporarily discontinue antithrombotic medications without bridging therapy Continue antithrombotic medications or temporarily discontinue antithrombotic medication…
Fig. 5.1 Algorithm for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (Reprinted with permission) [38] Role for “Second-Look” Endoscopic Examinations Approximately 20–30 % of patients with acute GI bleeding who undergo capsule endoscopy and/or…
