© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Daniel J. Stein and Reza Shaker (eds.)Inflammatory Bowel Disease10.1007/978-3-319-14072-8_3 3. So What Is Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis? Pathophysiology of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar1 and Nanda Venu2 (1)…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Daniel J. Stein and Reza Shaker (eds.)Inflammatory Bowel Disease10.1007/978-3-319-14072-8_5 5. Do I Have Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis? Identifying Factors That Distinguish CD from UC and Indeterminate Colitis Joel Pekow1 (1)…
Fig. 19.1 Colonoscope insertion through a narrowed, angulated, and fixated sigmoid colon (a) resulting in a large perforation with visualization of intra-abdominal organs (b) As described below, several endoscopic devices…
Fig. 7.1 Various foreign bodies in the stomach , including pencils, plastic silverware, soda can pop tops, and cylindrical batteries Initial Assessment In most adults, the history provided by the…
Predisposing factor Percent of ACPO patientsa Surgery 35–52 OB/gynecology 9.8–10 Abdominal/pelvic 9.3–10 Orthopedic 7–7.3 Other (urologic, thoracic, neurosurgery) 11.8 Trauma 11–11.3 Infection 10 Cardiac 10 Neurologic 9–9.3 Medical conditions 30…
Clip Width of open jaws (mm) Rotatable Reopening capability MRIa conditional Resolution Clip (Boston Scientific, Inc.) 11 Nob Yes Yes QuickClip 2 (Olympus Corp.) 9 Yes No No QuickClip 2…
Vascular lesions Angiodysplasia Dieulafoy lesion Ischemic enteritis Varices Portal enteropathy Aortoenteric fistula Phlebectasia Telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu-Weber disease, Turner’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis) Hemangioma (blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome) Inflammatory lesions…
Bleeding lesion Frequency (%) Diverticulosis 5–42 Ischemia 6–18 Anorectal (hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal ulcers) 6–16 Neoplasia (polyps and cancers) 3–11 Angioectasia 0–3 Postpolypectomy 0–13 Inflammatory bowel disease 2–4 Radiation colitis…
Endoscopy related Other causes Air insufflation Myocardial infarction Post-polypectomy syndrome Pulmonary embolism Perforation/abdominal compartment syndrome Pneumonia/aspiration Post-ERCP pancreatitis Diabetic ketoacidosis Endoscopic therapy-related conditions (e.g., post-band ligation, post-stent placement, post-polypectomy syndrome,…
Fig. 4.1 Active variceal bleeding at the gastroesophageal junction Fig. 4.2 Acute variceal hemorrhage with “fibrin plug” identified on a varix (arrow) Fig. 4.3 Large esophageal varices with red color…
