Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease. Its increasing prevalence is a direct result of historically high rates of obesity. Hepatocyte lipid accumulation is the first step…

Approximately 25% to 35% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who undergo surgery require repeat surgery. Active smoking, multiple prior surgeries, and penetrating or perianal disease are risk factors for…

Perianal disease is a common manifestation of Crohn disease (CD) that results in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Despite several medical and surgical options, complex perianal CD remains…

There is an ongoing, unmet need for effective therapies for Crohn’s disease. Treatments for Crohn’s disease continue to evolve from the traditional biologics to novel small molecules, with targeted mechanisms…

This article reviews the available data regarding the efficacy of ustekinumab across published randomized clinical trials and open-label experience from tertiary medical centers, safety data, including in pregnancy, and its…

Despite advances in care, most patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) develop complications, such as fistulas, or require surgery. Given the recent advances in drug therapy, an opportunity exists to optimize…

In patients with Crohn’s disease on biologic medications, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring leads to a personalized approach to optimize treatment. Using an algorithmic approach, measurement of drug concentrations…

In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is efficacious for the induction and maintenance of clinical remission, mucosal healing, reducing rates of surgery and hospitalizations, and…

Understanding the immunologic pathways in intestinal inflammation is crucial for the development of new therapies that can maximize patient response and minimize toxicity. Targeting integrins and cytokines is intended to…