Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Other Intestinal Disorders
Gut microbiota is the largest organ of the human body. Although growth of bacteria more than 10 5 colony forming unit (CFU) per milliliter in culture of upper gut aspirate…
GASTROENTEROLOGY
The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease
Gut microbes are capable of producing most neurotransmitters found in the human brain. Evidence is accumulating to support the view that gut microbes influence central neurochemistry and behavior. Irritable bowel…
The Gut Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Other Functional Bowel Disorders
Emerging data from epidemiologic, microbiome, and physiology research in patients with functional bowel disorders (FBDs) provide evidence for a linkage between alterations in the intestinal microbiota and FBDs. However, currently…
Biology of the Microbiome 2
The human microbiome is a new frontier in biology and one that is helping to define what it is to be human. Recently, we have begun to understand that the…
Impact of Antibiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Antibiotic treatment alters the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Recent studies are…
Diet and the Microbiome
The gut microbiota provides a range of ecologic, metabolic, and immunomodulatory functions relevant to health and well-being. The gut microbiota not only responds quickly to changes in diet, but this…
Biology of the Microbiome 1
The intestinal immune system is intimately connected with the vast diversity of microbes present within the gut and the diversity of food components that are consumed daily. The discovery of…
From Culture to High-Throughput Sequencing and Beyond
Detailed knowledge of the community of organisms in the gut has become possible in recent years because of the development of culture-independent methods. Largely based on latest DNA sequencing platforms,…
Basic Definitions and Concepts: Organization of the Gut Microbiome
New claims are frequently made for a role for the microbiome in a disease or disorder previously considered remote from the gut. The microbiome has been linked to such seemingly…
Heart Disease and the Liver
Liver injury due to acute and chronic heart failure has long been recognized. This article discusses the concepts of acute cardiogenic liver injury (ACLI) and cardiac or congestive hepatopathy (CH)…
