Visible dysplasia Polypoid Pedunculated Sessile Nonpolypoid Superficial elevated Flat Depressed Invisible dysplasia Fig. 21.1 Endoscopic features of dysplasia 21.2.3 Step Biopsy Dysplastic lesions may be overlooked because those in UC…
Fig. 10.1 Transverse versus longitudinal ulcer. The most characteristic colonoscopic findings for intestinal TB are transverse ulcers (10.1.1), in contrast to the longitudinal ulcers observed in Crohn’s disease (10.1.2) Fig….
Fig. 8.1 Typical endoscopic findings of CD. Cobblestone appearance in the colon (a). Longitudinal ulcer in the colon (b). Scar formation of longitudinal ulcers (mucosal healing) (c) Fig. 8.2 Endoscopic…
Ileum Right colon Transverse colon Sigmoid/left colon Rectum Deep ulceration (0 if non, 12 point if present) (0 or 12) (0 or 12) (0 or 12) (0 or 12)…
Etiology known – Infection – Small intestinal ischemia – Ulcer in Meckel’s diverticulum – Drug-induced enteropathy Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Anti-cancer drugs – Radiation enteritis – Enteritis in association with…
Fig. 24.1 Patchy inflammation in distal ascending colon Fig. 24.2 Appendiceal skip inflammation showing typical inflammatory lesion of ulcerative colitis surrounding the orifice of the appendix 24.2.2 Colonoscopic Differential Diagnosis…
Fig. 4.1 Small-bowel capsule endoscopic image of Crohn’s disease. a Longitudinal erosion in the jejunum. b Inflammatory ileal stricture with ulcer in the ileum. c Cicatricial circumferential stricture in the…
Fig. 3.1 Basic principle of balloon-assisted enteroscopy Fig. 3.2 Sequential maneuvers of anterograde insertion of double-balloon endoscopy 3.2.2 Single-Balloon Endoscopy (SBE) SBE [3] (Fig. 3.3) is a simplified DBE system…
1 = Normal 2 = Mild granularity of the mucosa, with mild contact bleeding 3 = Marked granularity and oedema of the mucosa, contact bleeding, and spontaneous bleeding 4 =…
Fig. 19.1 The comparison of three complementary imaging modalities, selective small-bowel series under endoscopic examination (a), balloon-assisted enteroscopy (b: single-balloon enteroscopy) and capsule endoscopy (c). The small-bowel series is useful…
