Typical Atypical Heartburn Hoarseness Regurgitation Throat pain Chest pain Globus sensation Water brash Cough Dysphagia Shortness of breath Belching Asthma Bloating  5.3.1 Atypical Symptoms Atypical or extraesophageal symptoms of GERD…

Fig. 10.1 The anatomy of the normal esophago-gastric junction showing the esophagus, stomach, diaphragm and the clasp and sling fibers (modified and reproduced with permission from ref. [2]) LES is…

Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) In health, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is approximately 4 cm long extending from just above the squamo-columnar junction (Z-line) into…

Fig. 2.1 Dynamic FFE pulse sequence in the sagittal view shows spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux (arrows) with typical caudo-cranial propagation of the bolus (a–d) Dynamic MR imaging of reflux events requires…

Fig. A.1 Endoscopic view of recurrent PEH with transhiatal wrap migration Fig. A.2 Gastric bezoar during EGD demonstrating post surgical gastroparesis Fig. A.3 Upper GI showing transhiatal wrap migration and…

Fig. 4.1 A typical 24-hr catheter-based pH study The catheter-based technique for esophageal pH monitoring is limited by discomfort in the patient’s nose and throat, and as a consequence the…

Fig. 18.1 Types of hiatal/paraesophgeal hernias . (a) Type 1 (sliding hernia) (b) Type 2 (normal location of the gastroesophageal junction with herniation of the fundus (c) Type 3 (combination…

Fig. 11.1 Barium swallow Fig. 11.2 Upper endoscopy 11.2.3 Is One Fundoplication Better than Another? Carrott et al. [39] suggested that symptoms associated with paraesophageal hernia are varied, and that…

Fig. 14.1 Endoscopic evaluation of postfundoplicational alterations . (a) Properly positioned infradiaphragmatic fundoplication. (b) Intrathoracic fundoplication. (c) Disrupted infradiaphragmatic fundoplication. (d) Twisted infradiaphragmatic fundoplication. (e) Slipped fundoplication. (f) Paraesophageal hernia…

Fig. 12.1 Management algorithm for patients presenting with dysphagia after an antireflux procedure. Patients presenting with symptoms that are severe requiring pain medication and/or associated with regurgitation and weight loss…