Position of the Patient
Fig. 1.1 The patient is placed supine with the left arm abducted, as required by the anesthetist, and the right arm adducted to leave sufficient room for the surgeon and…
GASTOINESTINAL SURGERY
Chronic Diarrhea
Stool frequency >3 bowel movements daily Stool weight >200 g of stool daily Stool form Bristol stool type 6 (mushy) or 7 (watery) Functional diarrhea Loose (mushy) or watery stools…
Gas and Bloating
Abdominal bloating Subjective sensation of excessive gas/flatulence, fullness, abdominal hardness or tightness or the feeling of abdominal inflation or swelling Abdominal distension Actual increase in abdominal girth Functional abdominal bloating…
Right Upper Quadrant Pain After Cholecystectomy
Differential diagnosis (a) Retained bile duct stone (b) Recurrent bile duct stone (c) Remnant gallbladder (d) Remnant duct cystic (e) Bile duct injury (leak, ligature, or stricture) (f) Spillage of stones (g) Papillary stenosis (h) Sphincter of Oddi…
Rectal Pain
Chronic proctalgia Diagnostic criteria a must include all of the following: • Chronic or recurrent rectal pain or aching • Episodes last minutes or longer • Exclusion of other causes…
Colonic Inertia
and Michael Camilleri1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 8, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Case Study A 47-year-old woman was referred for further evaluation…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Condition Definition Gastroesophageal reflux disease A condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications Reflux esophagitis Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease with endoscopic or…
Aerophagia, Belching, and Rumination
Fig. 5.1 Impedance monitoring tracing during a supra-gastric belch demonstrates a pattern of rapid increase from the proximal to the distal esophagus followed by a retrograde decline In addition to…
Complementary and Alternative Management Strategies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Commonly used Probiotics Prebiotics Acupuncture Cognitive-behavioral therapy Hypnotherapy Peppermint oil Others Herbal medicines – Turmeric extract – Artichoke leaf extract – Iberogast (combination of 9 herbal extracts) – Padma Lax (Tibetan preparation of 12…
