Fig. 3.1 Identification of the ileocolic pedicle According to the Okuda and Nobuhiko classification (Milsom et al. 2006a), the vascular anatomy of this area may be classified into two types…

Fig. 6.1 Pelvic view of the levator ani demonstrating its three main components: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus. Reprinted with permission from (Canda et al. 2010) Fig. 6.2 Diagram of a coronal…

Fig. 14.1 Examination table configurations for examination positions. (a) Prone jackknife position. (b) Lithoomy position. (c) Left lateral (Sims’ position) 3 Patient Positions 3.1 Prone Jack-Knife Position The prone jackknife…

Fig. 20.1 Anal sphincter electromyography. Individual motor unit action potentials can no longer be seen at higher levels of muscle activation. (a) Normal (full) interference pattern; (b) reduced (neuropathic) interference…

Tumor stage/location Treatment option Polyploid T1m cancer Snare polypectomy Sessile T1m cancer EMR or ESD TAEX T1sm ESD or TAEX T2, no LAR T2, no/low RT-capecitabine followed by LAR T2,…

Fig. 2.1 During the sixth week in utero the midgut herniates out of the abdominal wall and rotates 90° counterclockwise. By the tenth week the midgut rotates an additional 180°…

Antidiarrheal agents Antiparkinson drugs Antiepileptics Antispasmodics Antihistamines Calcium channel blockers Antidepressants Diuretics Antipsychotics Sympathomimetics Antiacids with aluminum or calcium NSAIDs Table 24.2 Condition associated to constipation (Diamant et al. 1999)…

Fig. 5.1 (a, b) Representative manometric tracings of colonic segmental contractions. The arrows show the presence of regular (about 3 cycles per minute) contractile activity in the sigmoid colon (a)…

Analgesics Bile acid sequestrants Antacids (aluminum, calcium) Calcium-channel blockers Antiarrhythmics Chemotherapy agents Anticholinergic agents Diuretics (potassium wasting) Anticonvulsants Iron supplements Antihistamines Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Antihypertensives Opioids Anti-Parkinson Agents Tricyclic antidepressants…