The benefit of any surgical intervention is weighed against the risk of complications. Although experience is of obvious importance, not even the most veteran surgeon is immune to complications that…
With ubiquitous adoption of laparoscopic surgery in many surgical disciplines, a wide variety of laparoscopic instruments are available in operating rooms. Herein we describe commonly useful laparoscopic instruments as well…
Since its initial description in 1991, laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) has evolved from both a technical and a medical standpoint. The introduction of robotic-assisted technology has allowed the…
With the introduction of the laparoscopic nephrectomy in 1991 by Clayman and colleagues, advancements in minimally invasive surgical equipment have expanded the application of laparoscopic techniques to several urologic reconstructive-type…
Indications and Contraindications Prostate cancer is risk stratified on the basis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor grade, and clinical stage. Low-risk disease is defined by a PSA level lower than…
Despite technologic advances in endoscopic techniques for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the past decade, open simple prostatectomy has traditionally been the treatment of choice for patients with…
Partial cystectomy has been used in the extirpative management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer since the mid-20th century. However, poor disease-free and disease-specific survival has largely precluded its use in this…
Scrotal varicoceles can be found in approximately 15% of the adolescent population, with the prevalence ranging anywhere from 3% to 43% in adults. Although varicoceles are a common finding in…
The presence and extent of metastatic disease to the lymph nodes is the most important prognostic indicator of survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and has…
Laparoscopic surgery has reduced overall complication rates and minimized postsurgical recovery time; however, attention must be paid to the closure of laparoscopic ports on completion of the operative procedure. The…
