Disorders of Potassium Balance
Disorders of Potassium Balance Pooja Koolwal Andreas Herrlich General Principles Total body potassium (K+) is about 50 mEq/kg, 98% of which is intracellular. Intracellular [K+] are about 140 mEq/L, approximately…
Disorders of Water Balance
Disorders of Water Balance Usman Younus Steven Cheng General Principles Disorders of sodium (hypo- or hypernatremia) reflect abnormalities in water homeostasis. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is the key regulator of renal…
Approach to Proteinuria and Hematuria
Approach to Proteinuria and Hematuria Ryan Kunjal Timothy Yau Proteinuria General Principles Definition The glomerulus functions as a barrier, preventing cells and large particles, such as proteins, from spilling into…
Assessment of Kidney Function
Assessment of Kidney Function Fizza Abbas Steven Cheng General Principles Assessing kidney function is a critical step in the recognition and monitoring of acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney…
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Tracy Hull Perioperative Considerations Construction of the J and S Pouch A total proctocolectomy and ileal pelvic pouch has become the gold-standard operation for ulcerative colitis (UC)…
Crohn Disease: Surgical Management
Crohn Disease: Surgical Management David M. Schwartzberg Stefan D. Holubar Perioperative Considerations Managing Crohn patients is a multidisciplinary endeavor that requires close collaboration with the referring an inflammatory bowel disease…
The Difficult Stoma
The Difficult Stoma Hermann Kessler Mariane G. M. Camargo Risk Factors for the Difficult Stoma Preoperative Variables Preexisting conditions at surgery that cannot be influenced and associated with difficult ostomy…
Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Following Colorectal Surgery
Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Following Colorectal Surgery Clayton C. Petro Michael J. Rosen Perioperative Considerations For the most part, complex abdominal wall reconstruction implies the utilization of a component separation…
Constipation
Constipation Tracy Hull SLOW TRANSIT CONSTIPATION Perioperative Considerations Patients who fail conservative therapy and have slow transit constipation are documented by a colonic transit study (Fig. 52-1). They also are…
Rectal Prolapse
Rectal Prolapse Tracy Hull Giovanna Da Silva Southwick Perioperative Considerations Rectal prolapse is a clinical diagnosis, as most patients present with a protruding “mass” that may spontaneously reduce or stay…
