Basic Bladder Neurophysiology
Maintenance of normal lower urinary tract function is a complex process that requires coordination between the central nervous system and the autonomic and somatic components of the peripheral nervous system….
Female Urethral Reconstruction
A basic understanding of female urethral anatomy is necessary to approach urethral reconstruction from an anatomic standpoint. This article reviews the techniques of female urethral reconstruction based on these anatomic…
Artificial Urinary Sphincter: Lessons Learned
Since its introduction in 1973, the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has become widely accepted therapy, particularly for male incontinence. In this article, the authors review their experience with more than…
Female Urethral Diverticula
Surgical excision is the definitive treatment of urethral diverticulum (UD) and the only reasonable surgical option for treating midurethral and proximal UD. Success depends on proper staging by determining the…
Male Slings in the Treatment of Sphincteric Incompetence
Sling procedures in men can be performed with little morbidity and few complications. This article discusses treatment of sphincteric incompetence with the bulbourethral sling and treatment of neurogenic bladder with…
The Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Procedure
This article discusses the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure, which attempts to recreate urethral support at the level of the pubourethral ligaments by placing a polypropylene sling at the midurethra…
Cystocele Repair with Interpositional Grafting
This article discusses a systematic approach to the repair of cystoceles using interposition grafting. Surgeons’ opinions vary regarding which graft is most appropriate as there are several varieties for mesh…
Urethrolysis
Urethral obstruction after surgery to treat stress urinary incontinence is reported to occur in 5% to 20% of patients. Surgeons who perform these procedures should be adept at recognizing the…
Pubovaginal Fascial Sling for the Treatment of all Types of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Surgical Technique and Long-term Outcome
This article provides an update on the surgical technique and long-term outcome of the full-length autologous rectus fascial sling in the treatment of women with sphincteric incontinence. The autologous fascial…
The Treatment of Posterior Compartment Vaginal Defects
Posterior compartment prolapse can be thought of as a relaxation or separation of the tissues of the rectovaginal septum and perineal body. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and surgical…
