The function of the esophagus is transporting nutrients from the oropharyngeal cavity to the stomach. This is achieved by coordinated contractions and relaxation of the tubular esophagus and the upper…
The development and advancement of ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring has provided a key tool with which pathologic esophageal acid exposure can be objectively measured; although not perfect, it provides the…
Barium esophagography, although an old test, remains important to the understanding of esophageal physiology and diagnosis of esophageal disorders. It provides additive and/or confirmatory information to endoscopy and is the…
The Chicago Classification defines esophageal motility disorders in high resolution manometry. This is based on individual scoring of 10 swallows performed in supine position. Disorders of esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) outflow…
High-resolution manometry (HRM) has advanced the understanding of esophageal peristaltic mechanisms and has simplified esophageal motor testing. In this article the technical aspects of HRM are addressed, focusing on test…
John E. Pandolfino, MD, MSci, Editor It is my pleasure to serve as the guest editor for a special issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America that is devoted…
Charles J. Lightdale, MD, Consulting Editor Dysphagia, refractory heartburn, reflux, chest pain, and dyspepsia are among the most common upper gastrointestinal complaints that elicit referral to gastroenterologists. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy…
Early recognition of adverse events arising from endoscopy is essential. In some cases the injury can be viewed clearly during the procedure, and immediate action should be taken to repair…
Increasingly invasive therapeutic endoscopic procedures and laparoscopic surgeries have resulted in endoscopists being challenged more frequently with perforations, fistulas, and anastomotic leakages, for which nonsurgical closure is desired. Devices and…
Defining the risk of procedural sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures remains a vexing challenge. The definitions as to what constitutes a cardiopulmonary unplanned event are beginning to take focus but…
