Laparoscopy and the ever-expanding robotic-assisted techniques have revolutionized the field of minimally invasive surgeries. Pneumoperitoneum is the keystone that allows surgeon to create a visual field and working space necessary…
Renal biopsy is a crucial tool in the diagnosis of medical disease of the kidney. Histologic information is pivotal in making treatment decisions and providing prognostic information. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle…
Indications and Contraindications With the use of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and advances in endoscopic technology and instrumentation, open surgery, once the mainstay treatment for ureteral stones, is now uncommon….
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has evolved into a new standard of care for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Since it was introduced in the early 1990s, the laparoscopic approach has…
Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures are widely used in urologic surgery, conferring significant benefit to patients and improving outcomes. Benefits include less postoperative pain, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, less…
Urothelial carcinoma can arise from any part of urothelium: bladder, renal collecting system, or ureter. The nomenclature of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is reserved for tumors that are localized…
Indications and Contraindications Renal cystic disease is common, with an increasing prevalence likely related to the use of cross-sectional imaging over the last several decades. Renal cysts have been identified…
Ureterolysis is performed to relieve ureteral obstruction caused by extrinsic compression. Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare (1 in 200,000-500,000) chronic process characterized by inflammation and mononuclear infiltration that is…
The incidence of renal tumors and particularly small renal masses (SRMs) has increased significantly, mostly because of increased use of and advances in cross-sectional imaging. Historically, radical nephrectomy (RN) was…
Radical nephrectomy has long been considered the gold standard surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma. In the past two decades, nephron sparing surgery has become the standard for treatment of…
