Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome associated with several etiologic factors, including specific kidney diseases (e.g., acute interstitial nephritis [AIN] and acute glomerular diseases) and nonspecific conditions…
Abstract Systemic vasculitides encompass a group of diseases that can affect different caliber vessels. Large-vessel vasculitides (giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis) affect the kidney by predominantly affecting blood flow…
Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is clinically evident in 50% to 75% of lupus patients and is a significant cause of lupus-associated morbidity and mortality, including end-stage kidney disease. LN is…
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure in adults. In the United States, approximately half of patients initiating dialysis have diabetes mellitus, and most of these have…
Abstract Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disturbance that is characterized, in a clinically pure or simple form, by an elevated serum [ ] and arterial pH, along with a…
Abstract Onco-nephrology is a growing subspecialty in the field of nephrology. It is essential for clinicians to have a better understanding of kidney complications of cancer and its treatment and…
Abstract Paraproteinemia-associated kidney diseases are complex disorders that can affect every segment of the nephron. These diseases result from deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins or monoclonal immunoglobulin fragments that include free…
Abstract Cardiorenal syndromes are broadly defined as disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other….
Abstract Patients with liver disease often have concomitant kidney disease. It is often difficult to recognize or is underestimated, as use of serum creatinine or creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular…
Abstract This chapter provides an overview of respiratory acid-base disorders. Respiratory acid-base disorders are those abnormalities in acid-base equilibrium that are initiated by changes in CO 2 tension (Pco 2…
