Abstract Pediatric nephrology has rapidly evolved over the last several decades, with major advances in the pathophysiology, genetics, diagnosis, and treatment of children with kidney diseases. With refined therapeutics, increasing…
Abstract Nephrolithiasis is common, painful, and costly. The diagnosis is made with a careful history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging, and the evaluation includes blood tests, stone analysis, and…
Abstract Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection. Management is determined by the clinical presentation–acute uncomplicated urinary infection, pyelonephritis, complicated urinary tract infection, prostatitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria. For some…
Abstract Obstruction of the urinary tract is a simple event that initiates a complex series of reactions at the cellular level. A 3-mm ureteral stone has the ability to alter…
Abstract Chronic interstitial nephritis is part of the spectrum of primary interstitial kidney diseases that are associated with interstitial inflammation and accompanying tubular cell damage. Interstitial nephritis has been generally…
Abstract Metabolic acidosis describes a process in which nonvolatile acids accumulate in the body. It can be a result of excess production of acid, decreased excretion of acid by the…
Abstract Alport syndrome is a disease of collagen that always affects the kidneys, usually the ears and often the eyes. At least 85% of kindreds with Alport syndrome have X-linked…
Abstract The discovery of the genes responsible for many hereditary cystic kidney diseases has led to the characterization of their protein products. Most of these proteins localize to the primary…
Abstract Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by accumulation of glycosphingolipids due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. Deposition of substrate results in kidney failure,…
Abstract Sickle cell anemia is caused by the homozygous inheritance of the sickle β-globin gene and affects multiple organ systems. Because of its unique physiology, the kidney is particularly susceptible…
