Urinalysis
1. What is uroscopy? Uroscopy comes from the word “uroscopia,” meaning scientific examination of the urine. It is derived from the Greek words ouron meaning urine and skopeo meaning to…
Kidney imaging techniques
1. List the most commonly used imaging modalities for the kidneys. • Radiography (plain film, excretory urography [EU], retrograde pyelography, cystography) • Ultrasonography (US) • Computed tomography (CT) scan •…
History and physical diagnosis
1. How do patients with kidney disease typically present? Patients with kidney disease typically present in several ways: • Abnormal blood laboratory studies (e.g., elevated blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and…
Complications of Colonoscopy
Introduction Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colonic investigation. It is a sensitive diagnostic tool and provides a nonsurgical approach for the removal of colonic and rectal polyps. However, colonoscopy…
Managing Complex Ventral/Parastomal Hernias in Colorectal Surgical Patients
Introduction Ventral hernias can occur after any abdominal incision. They are relatively common after open colorectal surgery, and patients with an abdominal stoma are particularly prone to the development of…
Enhanced Recovery Pathways After Colorectal Surgery
Background Major surgery is usually followed by pain, stress-induced organ dysfunction, and catabolism. These sequelae increase the risk of cardiopulmonary, infectious, thromboembolic, and cognitive complications and functional impairment, prolong hospitalization,…
Prevention and Management of Ostomy Complications
Introduction The term ostomy originates from the Latin word stoma, meaning “opening” or “origin,” and from the Greek word stomat, meaning “mouth.” Historically it is unclear when and how the…
Medical Documentation and Coding for the Colorectal Surgeon
Introduction One of the most essential and least understood issues affecting colorectal surgeons is accurate medical documentation and coding via the current procedural terminology (CPT) coding system. This coding system…
Measuring Outcomes
Introduction Outcome measurement can be defined various ways. One definition is “a measure of the quality of medical care, the standard against which the end result of an intervention is…
Stoma and Wound Considerations: Nursing Management
Rehabilitation of the patient with a stoma or complicated wound is the responsibility of the entire health care team, and thus it is important that all members understand the principles…
