Preoperative Preparation and Planning Percutaneous resection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma enables larger-caliber instruments than ureteroscopy, which allows for improved tumor sampling and staging. Nephroureterectomy is recommended for high-grade tumors,…
Nephroureterectomy entails en bloc excision of the kidney, ureter, and an ipsilateral cuff of the urinary bladder around the ureteral orifice. This operation is a primary treatment option for upper…
Anatomic Basis for Renal Incisions Abdominal and Chest Wall Figs. 8.1 and 8.2 show the vascular and nervous supply to the abdominal wall muscles. The intercostal nerves emerge from below…
Partial nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for managing most renal masses (Video 9.1 ). Relative contraindications include patient factors (strong preference, <10%–20% retained function in the kidney in question),…
Grafts, as free segments of tissue, depend on the delivery of nutrients from the vascular bed onto which they are transferred. Flaps carry their own blood supply or have it…
Evolution of the Robot: a Brief Journey Through Time The Robot Institute of America (1979) defined the robot as “a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or…
Pharmacology The commonly used local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, are amides. Ester class anesthetics, such as procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine, have limited clinical use as a result…
The aim of suturing is to hold tissues together with the least interference with their blood supply. Apply the technique most suitable for the tissue, but use the smallest size…
Introduction Intestinal division and anastomosis was revolutionized by the development of surgical stapling devices over the past 100 years. The first surgical stapler for bowel surgery was created in 1908…
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique where surgery is performed inside the abdomen using endoscopic cameras, small-diameter instruments, and access ports all through small incisions in a gas-distended environment….
