Bladder Flap Repair (Boari)
Excision or transection of the ureter for stricture disease, trauma, or malignant disease requires reconstruction that is variable depending on the defect length and location. Distal ureteral reconstruction is usually…
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Indications Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a cornerstone of treatment for patients with large stone burden (staghorn, stones >2 cm, or multiple stones between 1 and 2 cm), lower pole stones >1 cm, calyceal…
Laparoscopic and Robotic Pyeloplasty
Introduction Laparoscopic pyeloplasty was first introduced in 1993 as a viable alternative to open pyeloplasty in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction ( ). Since then, multiple advances in…
Laparoscopic Access
Each type of surgery—intraluminal endoscopy, extraluminal endoscopy (ie, laparoscopy), and open surgery—is defined by the manner of accessing the operative site. Getting this part of the surgery right is fundamental…
Renal Radiofrequency Ablation
Renal Radiofrequency Ablation Renal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) provides a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of small renal masses. RFA utilizes monopolar alternating electrical current that flows between a probe…
Open Stone Surgery: Anatrophic Nephrolithotomy and Pyelolithotomy
Introduction The treatment of renal calculus disease has changed dramatically over the past few decades with the introduction of new and advanced endoscopic and percutaneous techniques. Open techniques for management…
Renal Transplant Recipient
Adult Well in advance of renal transplantation, assess the patient for the following: risk of renal disease recurrence in the kidney transplant, active infection, active malignancy, probability of perioperative mortality,…
Anatomic Basis for Renal Endoscopy
Pelvicalyceal System: Endourologic Implications Anatomic Background To assist endourologists in making a mental image of the collecting system in three dimensions and learning the exact spatial position of the calices,…
Renal Cryosurgery
Preliminaries Indications Current technology ideally works best for tumor size less than 3.5 cm. Tumors between 3.5 and 4.5 cm will likely require additional probes and run a greater risk of incomplete…
Percutaneous Renal Access
Percutaneous renal access was first described in 1955 by Goodwin and colleagues for the purpose of relieving obstruction in a hydronephrotic kidney. Rapid evolution of the techniques for percutaneous renal…
