Subepithelial Lesions
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can accurately differentiate a mural lesion from extrinsic compression against the gut wall. • Determination of the cause of an intramural lesion is based…
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Bile Duct, Gallbladder, and Ampullary Lesions
Key Points • In patients with low to moderate clinical probability of common bile duct (CBD) stones, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is recommended before endoscopic retrograde…
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Inflammatory Diseases of the Pancreas
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging is subjective and often nonspecific in inflammatory diseases of the pancreas; therefore, the clinical history and presentation are important when making a final…
How to Perform Anorectal Endoscopic Ultrasonography
The Perianal Area Examination of the perianal area is simplicity itself. No special patient preparation is required. The patient is told that any discomfort will be similar to having a…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Rectal Cancer
Key Points • The importance of nodal status guiding therapeutic decision-making is increasingly recognized for rectal cancer. • Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is recognized as being an essential…
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Pancreas, Bile Duct, and Liver
Pancreas Successful pancreatic imaging requires the ability to image the entire gland. In general, the body and tail of the pancreas are imaged through the posterior wall of the stomach,…
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Pancreatic Tumors
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially lesions less than 2 cm in size. • EUS is…
EUS and EBUS in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) are the techniques of choice in case mediastinal nodal sampling is indicated for…
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Stomach
The two basic techniques for examining the stomach are the balloon inflation procedure and the water-filled stomach method. Both methods can be employed with either the linear or radial echoendoscope,…
Principles of Ultrasound
Key Points • Ultrasound is mechanical energy in the form of vibrations that propagate through a medium such as tissue. • Ultrasound interacts with tissue by undergoing absorption, reflection, refraction,…
