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PART II General Physical Examination A general look at the patient may be extremely useful in defining the cause, associated complications, or assist in the differential diagnosis. In the following…
Applied Medicine Melena or black, tarry, and sticky stools with an offensive odor results from mild-upper GI bleeding. Fresh red blood passed per rectum is called hematochezia. Causes of Hematochezia…
PART I Introduction and History Taking Introduction Patient care begins with the development of a personal relationship between the patient and the physician. In the absence of trust and confidence…
177Management of Invasive Bladder Cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Therapy 25 Arun Rai, Thiri Khin, Teresa Gray Hayes, and Jennifer Marie Taylor INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer is the most common cancer…
157Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder: Treatment of Early Stage Disease 24 Carli Calderone and Jennifer Marie Taylor INTRODUCTION Urothelial cancer can arise in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or urethra….
197Treatment of Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Chemotherapy and Checkpoint Inhibitors 26 Jose Pacheco and Teresa Gray Hayes Please note that due to content overlap, first-line systemic treatment of metastatic bladder cancer…
224225 Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Early Stage, Late Stage 30 Ryan Yates and Martha Pritchett Mims NONSEMINOMA Compared with seminomas, nonseminomas are more likely to present with distant disease, are more…
117 Kidney Cancer Survivorship Challenges and Issues 18 Elaine Chang and Wesley A. Mayer RENAL DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING NEPHRECTOMY Renal dysfunction following nephrectomy is a recognized occurrence in survivors of cancer localized…
