Commonly used Probiotics Prebiotics Acupuncture Cognitive-behavioral therapy Hypnotherapy Peppermint oil Others Herbal medicines – Turmeric extract – Artichoke leaf extract – Iberogast (combination of 9 herbal extracts) – Padma Lax (Tibetan preparation of 12…
Rome III IBS diagnostic criteria and IBS subtypes Criteria need to be fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months prior to diagnosis IBS is…
Drugs: opiates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antidepressant, antihistamine, anti-Parkinsonian, iron, calcium Neurogenic: autonomic neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, CNS and spinal cord lesions, pseudo-obstruction, diabetes mellitus, pelvic nerve damage Myogenic: connective…
Episodes of pain located in the epigastrium and/or right upper quadrant and all of the following: 1. Episodes lasting 30 min or longer 2. Recurrent symptoms occurring at different intervals (not daily)…
Functional fecal incontinence Diagnostic criteria: 1. Recurrent uncontrolled passage of fecal material in an individual with a development age of at least 4 years and one or more of the…
Medications and toxic etiologies Cancer chemotherapy Aspirin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Auranofin Antigout drugs Digoxin Antiarrhythmics Antihypertensives β-Blockers Calcium channel antagonists Diuretics Oral antidiabetics Oral contraceptives Erythromycin Tetracycline Sulfonamides Antituberculous drugs…
Fig. 12.1 Representative CT image demonstrating marked diffuse dilation of the small bowel without transition point Introduction Intestinal pseudo-obstruction can be categorized as either acute or chronic. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction…
Fig. 11.1 Normal microbial distribution along the length of the gastrointestinal tract Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by the presence of increased numbers of colonic-type bacteria in the…
