Abdominal Key

When cavernous hemangiomas are greater than 8 cm in diameter, they are called giant cavernous hemangiomas. Their histologic findings are similar to that of smaller hemangiomas, but they are more…

Turner Syndrome Turner syndrome is caused by monosomy X (karyotype 45,X) in which all or portions of one copy of the X chromosome are missing in females. Affected individuals can…

The specific type of amyloid cannot be determined by the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) findings. However, amyloid deposits can be further subtyped on liver biopsy by immunostains, by laser microdissection…

Clinical Findings Most infants with biliary atresia are term infants with normal birth weights. Infants present within the first 1 to 6 weeks of life with jaundice, pale stools, and…

TREATMENT. Individuals with AIH are treated by immunosuppression. Steroids, with or without azathioprine, are commonly used, and remission can be achieved in up to 80% of cases. Individuals who do…

Bile duct hamartomas can be single or multiple. Most are small (less than 10 mm), but occasional cases can be very large, up to 20 cm, with large dilated biliary…

Iron Absorption Most iron is absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Heme iron is disassociated from globin and then taken up by the enterocytes. Dietary non-heme iron requires additional…

Nonetheless, infantile hemangiomas do have a risk of developing malignancy and should be examined for areas of atypia. Architectural atypia can include papillary tufts (Fig. 18.2) as well as solid…

At a practical diagnostic pathology level, the etiology of granulomas in the liver will most often not be evident by histology alone. Nonetheless, there can be clues that will help…

The specific entities in Table 3.1 are discussed in detail in the relevant chapters of this book, but this table provides a useful compilation of subtle biopsy diagnoses to consider…