Fig. 1.1 Endoscopic fluorescence imaging systems for bladder cancer. (a) Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) composed of a blue-light source, specialized camera head and lens, and hexaminolevulinate as the contrast agent. (b)…
Imaging modality Objects visualized, scale and resolution Detail of objects visualized Energy source CT and MRI Whole organs Bone, organs, fat, air (gross level) X-ray (for CT) or radiofrequency EM…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Joseph C. Liao and Li-Ming Su (eds.)Advances in Image-Guided Urologic Surgery10.1007/978-1-4939-1450-0_14 14. MR-Guided Prostate Interventions Ashley E. Ross1 , Dan Stoianovici2 and Mohamad E. Allaf3 (1) Departments of Urology, Oncology, Pathology, Johns Hopkins Brady Urological…
Key point 1: role of real-time TRUS has changed Role of real-time TRUS has already changed from being a simple diagnostic tool to becoming a comprehensive image guidance system, including…
Fig. 7.1 The ViOptix (tissue oximetry) silicone surround sensor Fig. 7.2 Digital display of the ViOptix sensor The ViOptix Tissue Oximeter (T.Ox™) [(ViOptix Inc., Fremont, CA)] utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy to…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Joseph C. Liao and Li-Ming Su (eds.)Advances in Image-Guided Urologic Surgery10.1007/978-1-4939-1450-0_8 8. Light Reflectance Spectroscopy and Autofluorescence (Kidney and Prostate) Ephrem O. Olweny1 and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu2 (1) Department of Urology, University of…
Fig. 7.1 Complement activation and regulation system. The complement system consists of more than 30 molecules and forms three major pathways: the classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP), and lectin…
Fig. 9.1 Kaplan–Meier renal survival from renal biopsy (a) and disease onset (b) in 1,155 patients with IgAN. ESRD end-stage of renal disease For patients with proteinuria >1.0 g/day at biopsy,…
1. Oxford classification: split system M Mesangial hypercellularity ≤0.5 (M0) or ≥0.5 (M1) E Endocapillary hypercellularity Absent (E0) or present (E1) S Segmental sclerosis Absent (S0) or present (S1) T…
Fig. 4.1 A proposed multi-hit pathogenesis of IgAN. IgA1 with some O-glycans deficient in galactose (galactose-deficient IgA1; Gd-IgA1) is produced in increased amounts, leading to increased levels in the circulation…
