Abdominal Key

Because of these positive outcomes, kidney transplantation is becoming widely practiced around the world. Improvements in organ access, donation, preservation techniques, immunosuppression, and management of disease progression will further improve…

TECHNIQUE Before undergoing ureteroscopy, the patient should have a documented negative urinalysis and urine culture, so as to reduce the risk of urosepsis. The majority of ureteroscopic procedures are performed…

Acute cellular rejection results from an interaction between recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs), recipient T cells, and MHC antigens on donor cells. The T cells become activated, resulting in the transcription…

Pyelonephritis may occur secondary to immunosuppression and frequent catheterization. Like acute rejection, it may present as fever and allograft pain. Urine dipstick and culture should be performed to assess for…

The most probable causes of graft dysfunction depend on the amount of time that has passed since the transplantation. Immediate Postoperative Period. After a live donor transplant, the kidney begins…

Finally, urine leak may present similarly to delayed renal function because it causes low urine output and, as a result of urine reabsorption, an elevation in serum creatinine and urea…

The fascia and muscle layers of the obliques and transversus are divided just lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis sheath. The superficial epigastric artery can be either ligated…

Before transplantation, the donor and recipient must be confirmed to have compatible blood types. In addition, precautions must be taken to ensure immune compatibility. Recipient serum must be tested against…

TECHNIQUE Laparoscopic Technique. In a laparoscopic ablation, the tumor can be directly visualized, and the ablation process can be monitored in real time. The tumor can be accessed from either…