Abdominal Key

Fig. 8.1 (a, b) Normal fundic gland mucosa extends in the area of gastric folds and (b) shows fine red dots on WLI (lesser curvature), i.e., starfish-like, regular arrangement of…

Superficial neoplastic lesion Prevalence (%) Cancer risk (%) Recommended resection Polypoid 0-Ip/Isp/Is ~15–20 1–15 Snaring Elevated/flat 0-IIa/b ~5 4–6 EMR Depressed 0-IIc ~0.5 30–75 → En bloc Table 10.1b Prevalence…

Fig. 6.1 Normal squamous epithelial esophagus. (a) Standard WLI with dendritic submucosal vascular pattern (and very faint IPCLs), (b) squamous epithelial esophagus with regular straight IPCL pattern (loop A JES;…

Fig. 4.1 (a) Schematic diagram of red-green-blue (RGB) sequential imaging system. (b) Schematic diagram of CCD-based, RGB simultaneous imaging system. CCD charge-coupled device. Fine-tuning of the system settings is essential…

        Staging of duodenal FAP No (A) Size (mm) (B) Histology (C) Dysplasia (D) Score points  Stage Σ score points <10 <5 Tubular Low-grade 1  0 0 10–20 5–10 Tubulovillous…

Risk factor Absolute risk RRa Ref Disease duration At 10 years: 2–3 % 2.4 [1, 5] At 20 years: 8 % 2.8  At 30 years: 18 %   Extent:  Ulcerative pancolitis …

Category Description Japanese viewpoint Category 1 Negative for neoplasia/dysplasia a Category 2 Indefinite for neoplasia/dysplasia a Category 3 Non-invasive low-grade neoplasia (low-grade adenoma/dysplasia) a Category 4 Non-invasive high-grade neoplasia   4.1…

Intraepithelial neoplasia Intervals for follow-up endoscopy None 2–3 years Low grade 6 months, then every 12 months as long as low-grade dysplasia persists High grade  Mucosal irregularity  Endoscopic resection  Inconspicuous…

Fig. 5.1 The layered structure of gastric and colonic wall (Modified from Yamanaka [2]; m mucosa, sm submucosa, pm muscularis propria, ad adventitia, s/ss subserosa/serosa, ep lamina epithelialis, gl glands,…