Imaging of Gynecological Cancers
Fig. 24.1 T2-weighted fast spin-echo transverse (a) and coronal (b) MR images and corresponding coronal ADC map (c) obtained using an endovaginal coil in a woman with stage Ib1 tumor….
Laparoscopic Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer
Fig. 50.1 Conversion (%) according to body mass index (From Denost et al. [27]; used with permission Tumor Staging The TNM system, as defined by the American Joint Committee on…
Extended Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Fig. 40.1 Eight potential spaces of the pelvis: retropubic space of Retzius, paravesicle spaces (2), vesicovaginal space, pararectal spaces (2), rectovaginal space, and presacral space (Reprinted with permission from: Bristow…
Pathology of Gynecologic Cancers
HGSC CCC EC MC LGSC Genetic risk factors BRCA1/2 Lynch syndrome Lynch syndrome None known None known Precursor lesions Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma Endometriosis Endometriosis Not known Serous borderline…
Radical Hysterectomy in Cervical Cancer
Fig. 33.1 Different types of tumor growth in the cervix (exophytic, endocervical, deep stromal) Early Stages Patients with micro invasive carcinoma stage FIGO IA (stromal invasion ≤5 mm; horizontal extension…
Selective Non-operative Treatment in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Lessons Learned from the “Watch-and-Wait” Approach
Fig. 56.1 Endoscopic view of a complete clinical response 2. A subtle loss of pliability of the rectal wall harboring the scar; usually observed during manual insufflations at proctoscopy…
Pre-sacral Tumors
Congenital Osseuos Benign Benign Developmental cysts Giant cell tumor Rectal duplication Osteoblastoma Anterior sacral meningocele Aneurysmal bone cyst Adrenal rest tumor Malignant Malignant Osteogenic sarcoma Chordoma Ewing sarcoma Teratocarcinoma Myeloma…
Endoscopic Approaches to Rectal Neoplasia
Fig. 48.1 Example of retroflexion view of anal brim. (a) Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) 0-IIa grade 2 with immunohistochemical stain for p16 positive favoring an HPV-related pathogenesis. (b) AIN lesion…
Dealing with Complications of Rectal Surgery
Patient risk factors Tobacco use Alcohol use Obesity Age >65 ASA > 3 Malnutrition <3.0 Weight >10 % TBW Disease factors Emergent surgery Steroid or immunomodulator use Malignancy Level of…
Fertility Preservation in Early Cervical Cancer
Fig. 32.1 Sagittal MRI indentifying tumour and length of endocervical canal, with distance from isthmus Fig. 32.2 Endovaginal coil MRI scan identifying tumour 32.4 Staging The traditional method of staging…
