Cholestatic Variants of Viral Disease and Alcohol
Fig. 7.1 Mild hepatocanalicular cholestasis (arrow) in a patient with acute Hepatitis A virus infection. Note the background lobular disarray and inflammation. H and E, 600×. (Courtesy of Maxwell L….
Cholestasis in the Hospitalized Patient
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis Granulomatous hepatitis Hepatic amyloidosis Congestive hepatopathy Hepatic sarcoidosis Systemic viral infections • Hepatitis Viruses (A, B, C, D, E) • Cytomegalovirus…
Cholestasis Post-Liver Transplantation
Early (<6 months) Late (>6 months) Extrahepatic: Extrahepatic: Stricture—single (anastomotic, external compression) Benign stricture—single (anastomotic) Stricture—multiple (HAT/ischemic) Multiple (HAT/ischemic, rPSC) Biliary leak Stones Cholangitis Intrahepatic: Intrahepatic: Preservation/reperfusion injury Acute cellular…
Cholestasis Related to Systemic Disorders
Canalicular impairment Sepsis Hormone mediated cholestasis (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) Congestive hepatopathy Paraneoplastic cholestasis Systemic amyloidosis Sickle cell disease Small intrahepatic bile ducts obstruction Sarcoidosis Rheumatological diseases Cystic fibrosis Graft…
Complications of Cholestasis
Drug/therapy Dosage Efficacy proven in controlled trials Cholestyramine 4–16 g/day (PO) Rifampicin 300–600 mg/day (PO) adult 10 mg/kg/day (PO) child Naltrexone 25–50 mg/day (PO) Naloxone 0.2 μg/kg/min (IV) Sertraline 75–100…
Diagnosis of Cholestasis
Anabolic steroids, estrogens Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid Azathioprine Cetirizine Chlorpromazine Cyclosporin Dapsone Diltiazem Erythromycin Fenofibrate Floxuridine Gold salts Infliximab Itraconazole Metolazone Nitrofurantoin Oral contraceptives Phenytoin Rifampicin Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole 5-Fluorouracil or floxuridine A history…
Drug-Induced Cholestasis
Cholestatic (%) Mixed (%) Hepatocellular (%) Bjornsson and Olsson [13] 26 22 52 De Valle et al. [16] 40 12 48 Andrade et al. [14] 20 22 58 Chalasani…
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Rubin et al. [59] Portal inflammation and bile duct injury Proliferation and destruction of bile ductules Cirrhosis Scheuer [60] Florid duct…
Rare Causes of Cholestasis
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014Elizabeth J. Carey and Keith D. Lindor (eds.)Cholestatic Liver DiseaseClinical Gastroenterology10.1007/978-1-4939-1013-7_6 6. Rare Causes of Cholestasis Tamir Miloh1 and Ozlem Pinar Bulut2 (1) Pediatrics Department, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, 1919 E. Thomas Road,…
Robotic-Assisted Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Fig. 17.1 Da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). The system consists of the tower, surgeon console, and robotic instrument. The camera arm cradles a 12- or 8-mm…
