Abdominal Key

Type of incontinence Frequency Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always Always Solid 0 1 2 3 4 4 Liquid 0 1 2 3 4 4 Gas 0 1 2 3 4…

Fig. 3.1 Interno-external hemorrhoids with severe anemia 3.4.6 Painful Mass in the Anal Region When thrombosis of the prolapsed haemorrhoid occurs, patient may present with a painful mass with sudden…

1. Inflammatory dermatoses 2. Infections 3. Benign, premalignant and malignant dermatoses  Contact dermatitis Perianal dermatitis of the newborn  Seborrheic dermatitis  Atopic dermatitis  Psoriasis  Lichen simplex chronicus  Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus…

Fig. 10.1 Complete rectal prolapse Fig. 10.2 (a) Prolapsed Hemorrhoids, (b) complete rectal prolapse 10.4 Diagnosis The diagnosis of rectal prolapse is clinical and is confirmed by proper history and…

Fig. 7.1 Low RV fistula Fig. 7.2 High RV fistula Middle fistulas are found between the two (Fig. 7.3). Fig. 7.3 Mid-RV fistula A perineal surgical approach is more suited…

Fig. 15.1 Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp Fig. 15.2 Microphotograph of inflammatory cloacogenic polyp 15.2.2 Keratoacanthoma This is a benign skin lesion, associated with excessive exposure to sunlight, which can occur rarely…

Fig. 4.1 Typical chronic anal fissure 4.2 Epidemiology Fissure in ano is one of the common benign anorectal conditions and can occur at any age. It commonly affects the younger…

Fig. 11.1 Muscles and ligament of the pelvic floor. 1 uterosacral ligament, 2 levator plate, 3 longitudinal muscle of anus, 4 perineal body, 5 rectovaginal fascia, 6 muscle of perineal…

Fig. 6.1 Classical position for pilonidal sinus Fig. 6.2 Hair from pilonidal sinus (courtesy of Pankaj Garg, India) 6.4 Differential Diagnosis Furuncle, carbuncle, anal fistula (Fig. 6.3a, b), hidradenitis suppurativa,…

(i) Anal fissures (xvi) Rectal endometriosis (ii) Hemorrhoidal and varicose ulcer (xvii) Injury: (iii) Ulcer with mucosal prolapse  Self-inflicted (iv) Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis  Iatrogenic (v) Proctitis:  Anal intercourse…