Fig. 6.1 Comparison of gastroesophageal and anorectal junctions. When the anorectal junction is graphically rotated (middle image), note the similarity in conformations of the rectum and the esophagus/stomach. In both…
Fig. 23.1 Steroids can possibly accelerate recovery. However, if no contrast passes into the stomach, urgent intervention is necessary. The choice of method is between endoscopy and dilatation versus surgery….
Lifestyle modification Evidence of strength Reasonable to recommend? Sleep with head elevated Equivocal Not generally Avoid fatty meals Equivocal Not generally Avoid carbonated beverages Moderate Yes Select decaffeinated beverages Equivocal…
Prevalence Basis Geographic location Prevalence (%) 95 % CI (%) Reference GERD symptoms United States 24.2 18.2–30.5 [1] GERD/dyspeptic symptoms United States 35.2 14.8–58.9 [1] Any heartburn South Australia 50 …
Presenting problem 24 h pH + 24 h pH − GERD symptoms Regurgitation ++++ +++ Heartburn +++ + Regurg and HB ++++ +++ Esophagitis +++ ++ Dysphagia ++ + Barretts…
Fig. 13.1 Pathogenesis of pilonidal disease Fig. 13.2 Pathogenesis of lose hair inserting and burrowing under the skin, forming a sinus tract 13.3 Clinical Presentation How does one recognize pilonidal…
Fig. 11.1 Diagnostic algorithm in patients with suspected nonfunctional causes of anal pain Should initial physical exam fail to provide the diagnosis, ancillary tests may be performed. An office test,…
Density (Hounsfield units) Air −1000 Fat −30 to −100 Simple fluid −10 to 20 Water 0 Blood 30–50 Muscle 45 Cortical bone 200–600 A limitation often encountered with CT…
Fig. 2.1 Ritter proctoscopic table used for examination in the prone jackknife position Fig. 2.2 Prone jackknife position Alternatively, the left lateral recumbent (Sims’) position is also widely used, especially…
Fig. 9.1 This is an image of the patient in the prone position with a foley catheter in place. In this picture you can see the perineal fistula between the…
