(1) Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany Ludovica F. ButtóChair of Nutrition and Immunology Email: ludovica.butto@tum.de Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include the two main phenotypes Crohn’s disease (CD)…
Fig. 7.1 Model of the three major myeloid dendritic cell populations and their hypothesized (dys)function in human inflammatory bowel disease (The majority of pathways were identified for Crohn’s disease and…
Fig. 6.1 Microvascular responses to intestinal inflammation. Arterioles exhibit impaired vasomotor function that is manifested as an early hyperemia and a later phase of vasoconstriction. The hyperemic response may contribute…
Fig. 18.1 CMG: slightly decreased cystometric bladder capacity (~330 mL); no DO; high compliance; no leak with valsalva maneuver; incomplete emptying on PFS with high-pressure, low-flow pattern (P det@Q max = 57…
Fig. 20.1 This study demonstrates: 1. Detrusor overactivity 2. Stress urinary incontinence 3. Impaired compliance 4. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) 5. Increased bladder sensation Answer…
Fig. 19.1 (a) CMG and PFS, (b) expanded PFS segment, (c) pressure flow nomogram, (d) post-PFS non-invasive uroflow Expanded PFS Segment (Fig. 19.1b). This segment of the tracing begins at…
From the frequency–volume chart maximum and average-voided volumes can be determined as can the median functional bladder capacity which is defined as the median maximum voided volume during every day…
Fig. 12.1 (a) Calculating compliance. A = 495 ml/3 cm H2O A = 165 ml/cm H2O (b) Calculating Compliance. B = 400 ml/62 cm H2O B = 6.5 ml/cm H2O When analyzing compliance on an urodynamic tracing, the…
Fig. 17.1 Normal voiding pattern Notice in Fig. 17.1, as bladder filling occurs EMG activity increases (increased somatic innervation to external sphincter) at the line annotated as “strong desire.” Once…
where V t = volume of noncontracting bladder wall tissue [7]. Although some studies report WF and WFmax, no consensus has been made regarding normative values particularly in female patients [6, 8,…
