Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathogenesis
Fig. 4.1 Hepatic effector CD8+ T cell accumulation requires platelets that have adhered to liver sinusoids. Confocal micrographs of the liver of a HBV replication-competent transgenic mouse that was injected…
Translational Medicine in Hepatitis B Virus: What Can We Learn from Clinical Samples?
Fig. 8.1 Information derived from the analysis of human samples in viral hepatitis In Vivo Models of HBV Infection: What Do They Mimic? HBV infection causes acute and chronic liver…
Role of the Intestinal Immune System in Health
Fig. 2.1 Two-layers of anti-inflammatory mucosal immune defense preserving the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Depiction of the homeostatic mechanisms: (1) Immune exclusion to control epithelial colonization of microorganisms…
Cutaneous and Oral Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Nail clubbing and palmar erythema • Erythema nodosum • Aphthous ulcers and glossitis • Thrombophlebitis • Perianal fissures, fistulae and abscesses—more severe in Crohn disease than ulcerative colitis • Genital or orofacial Crohn disease • Peri-stomal…
Computed Tomography Enterography and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 19.1 Example of dose reduction at lower kV in a 43-year-old female with prior right hemicolectomy. CTDIvol lowered from 24 mGy (routine protocol) to 10 mGy after kV selection…
Magnetic Resonance Enterography
Sequence Plane Number of sections Section thickness (mm) Field of view (mm) Advantages Limitations HASTE/SSFSE Coronal 1 50 512 × 512 Minimal susceptibility artefact Prone to flow artefacts SSFP (True-FISP/FIESTA)…
Pathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 22.1 Architectural distortion is a feature of chronic injury. (a) Normal colonic mucosa displays evenly spaced non-branched crypts that line up along the muscularis mucosa. Lamina propria contains sparse…
Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 20.1 Fig. 20.2 Fig. 20.3 First layer: hyperechoic, interface between the lumen and superficial mucosa. Second layer: hypoechoic, interface between the deep and superficial mucosa. Third layer: hyperechoic, interface…
Arthritis, Arthropathy, and Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 55.1 From Zeider H, Amor B. The Assessment in Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general: the spondyloarthritis concept in progress. Ann…
Enhanced Endoscopy
Fig. 17.1 Enhanced endoscopic technologies to improve the three essential steps to final diagnosis Recognition of lesions in the gut can be improved using better scopes, which have better imaging…
