Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 13.1 Introduction Bladder exstrophy (also known as Ectopia vesicae) is a congenital anomaly that exists as part of the exstrophy-epispadias complex….
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 8.1 Introduction Normally urine travels antegrade in one direction from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters to the urinary…
Hydronephrosis in Infants and Children
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 2.1 Introduction The word “hydro” represents “water” and “nephro” represents “kidney”. Hydronephrosis means “water inside the kidney”. Hydronephrosis is defined as…
Hydrocolpos, Vaginal Agenesis and Atresia
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 30.1 Introduction Hydrocolpos is the distension of the vagina caused by accumulation of fluid due to congenital vaginal obstruction. The obstruction…
Inguinal Hernias and Hydroceles
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 17.1 Introduction Hippocrates used the Greek hernios for bud or bulge to describe abdominal hernias. Abdominal wall hernias are protrusions of…
Acute Scrotum
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 29.1 Introduction The term acute scrotum refers to acute scrotal pain with or without swelling and erythema. Acute scrotum is considered…
Pelviureteric Junction (PUJ) Obstruction
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 3.1 Introduction Pelviuureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the flow of urine from the renal pelvis…
Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism)
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 24.1 Introduction Cryptorchidism is derived from the Greek kρυπτός, kryptos, meaning hidden and ὄρχις, orchis, meaning testicle. It is defined as…
Congenital Ureteral Anomalies
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia Congenital Ureteral Anomalies Duplex (duplicated ureters) (Fig. 6.1) Fig. 6.1 A reconstruction picture showing duplex ureters Ectopic ureter Ureterocele Mega ureter…
Testicular Torsion and Torsion of the Testicular or Epididymal Appendage
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 26.1 Introduction Acute scrotal pain requires immediate surgical attention to determine the underlying cause and to treat accordingly. The diagnosis of…
