Pelvic Floor Anatomy
Fig. 1.1 Room analogy. © Shobeiri 2013 Fig. 1.2 Room analogy with three compartments separated. © Shobeiri 2013 Fig. 1.3 Room analogy with anterior, middle, posterior compartments, and the lateral…
Instrumentation and Techniques for Perineal and Introital Pelvic Floor Ultrasound
Fig. 3.1 (a) This view demonstrates the correct positioning as the starting 2D field of view includes the pubic symphysis (S) anteriorly and the levator plate (LP) posteriorly. Also noted…
3D Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging of the Levator Ani Muscles
Fig. 5.1 The relative position of levator ani subdivisions during ultrasound imaging. Levels 1–3 are identified below the figure. The A–J markings on top of the figure correspond to the…
Perineal Pelvic Floor Ultrasound: Applications and Literature Review
Fig. 4.1 (a) This view demonstrates correct positioning as the starting 2D field of view includes the pubic symphysis (S) anteriorly and the levator plate (LP) posteriorly. Also noted are…
Ultrasound-Augmented Clinical Examination and Intraoperative Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography
Fig. 15.1 2D endovaginal view of the sacrospinous complex obtained with a BK triplane 8818 transducer (BK Ultrasound, Analogic, Peabody, MA, USA), the pudendal nerve which goes between the sacrospinous…
Endovaginal Urethra and Bladder Imaging
Fig. 7.1 Axial section gray-scale 3D image, transducer BK 8838. Symphysis pubis (“gothic arch”)—reference points of symmetry in axial section for transducers 8848, 2050, 2052 and 20R3 (BK Ultrasound). Symphysis…
Endoanal Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Anorectal Region
Fig. 13.1 High multi-frequency (6–16 MHz), 360° rotational mechanical probe, BK 2052 probe (BK Ultrasound, Analogic, Peabody, MA, USA) Fig. 13.2 Schematic illustration of 3D endoanal ultrasonography technique performed by…
Ultrasound in Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy
Model Footprint Frequency Penetration Use in physiotherapy C60nReal time 2D-convex transducer 60 mm 5–2 MHz 30 cm Perineal ultrasound Abdominal muscles Supra-pubic ultrasound for residual volume and bladder movement ICTxIntra-cavity…
3D Endovaginal Ultrasound Imaging of Pelvic Floor Trauma
Fig. 6.1 (a) Initial geometry of the female pelvic floor at the beginning of the second stage of labor in a left lateral view. (b) Left lateral view of the…
Endovaginal Imaging: Slings
Fig. 10.1 180° scan of anterior compartment: midurethral retropubic sling seen as a hyperechogenic structure beneath midurethra. Bladder (B), urethra (U), pubic symphysis (P), urethrovesical junction (UVJ), midurethral retropubic sling…
