Abdominal Key

Fig. 26.1 Plane of excision in total mesorectal excision 26.2.2 Radiotherapy Around the time the TME technique was introduced, several randomized trials explored the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on local…

Diagnostic criteria for functional constipation  1. Must include two or more of the following:   (a) Straining during at least 25 % of defecations   (b) Lumpy or hard stools in at…

  Points 1 2 3 Number of polyps 1–4 5–20 >20 Polyp size (mm) 1–4 5–10 >10 Histology Tubulous Tubulovillous Villous Degree of dysplasia Mild Moderate Severe Stage 0: 0…

Fig. 27.1 Schematic representation of squamous intraepithelial lesions (From The PRN Notebook vol. 10, no. 4, December 2005 (available at www.​prn.​org; reprinted without permission). Koilocytes are a typical representation of…

Premalignant Epithelial tumors Adenomas Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Low-grade dysplasia High-grade dysplasia Serrated lesions Hyperplastic polyp Sessile serrated lesion/polyp/adenoma Traditional serrated adenoma Sessile serrated adenoma with conventional dysplasia Hamartomas Cowden-associated polyp…

Fig. 8.1 Uncomplicated pilonidal sinus disease with multiple midline pits Work by Karydakis [3] with 6,000 patients suggests that loose hairs “impale” normal tissue inducing, a foreign body reaction. He…

Fig. 4.1 Anatomic description of the anorectal junction. The rectum specimen is cut longitudinally Several anatomic investigations have demonstrated the existence of arteriovenous communications between the terminal branches of the…

Fig. 28.1 Colorectal peritoneal metastases of the (a) omentum and (b) rectovesical pouch Fig. 28.2 Colorectal carcinomatosis The incidence of resectable synchronous or metachronous peritoneal metastases without extra-abdominal spread is…

Manning criteria Pain relieved by defecation More frequent stools at the onset of pain Looser stools at the onset of pain Visible abdominal distension Passage of mucus Feeling of incomplete…