Possible mechanism Diagnosis Diabetes type 1 and 2 Glucose toxicity, neuropathy (interstitial cells of Cajal) Hyperglycemia, elevated HbA1c Hyperthyroidism Not defined Low TSH, High T4 Hypothyroidism Slow gastric emptying…
Categories Examples Infectious Viral, bacterial, or parasitic gastroenteritis Neurological Meningitis Functional neurological syndromes: migraine headache, vertigo Brain tumor Intracranial bleed Concussion Mechanical/obstructive Pyloric stenosis Congenital small bowel atresia Intestinal malrotation…
Fig. 5.1 Lipodystrophy following abdominal wall trigger point injection of steroids. This infrequent complication of trigger point injection is the direct result of steroid injection to subcutaneous abdominal wall adipose…
Etiology Main causes Infectious Viral gastroenteritis Norovirus Bacterial gastroenteritis Salmonella Campylobacter E. coli Mechanical obstruction Small bowel obstruction Adhesions Tumors Hernias Large bowel obstruction Malignancy Volvulus Diverticular disease Organic gastrointestinal…
Fig. 2.1 Four afferent pathways that trigger the emetic reflex (green). These pathways converge on the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the lower hindbrain. The neural circuitry of the caudal…
Better characterization of neural pathways and receptors mediating sensation of nausea and vomiting: Gender differences Similarities and differences for nausea compared to vomiting Similarities and differences for different disorders CINV…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Kenneth L. Koch and William L. Hasler (eds.)Nausea and Vomiting10.1007/978-3-319-34076-0_12 12. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Nausea and Vomiting Linda Anh Nguyen1 and Linda Lee2 (1) Department of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of…
Step 1. Gatorade and bouillon Diet: Patients with severe nausea and vomiting should sip small volumes of salty liquids such as Gatorade or bouillon in order to avoid dehydration. Any…
Drug class Representative individual agents Mechanisms of action Percent with nausea or vomiting (%) Opiates Morphine Hydromorphone Codeine Hydrocodone Oxycodone μ-opioid receptor agonists 5–70 Tramadol Tapentadol μ-opioid receptor agonists plus…
Increased intracranial pressure Stroke Hemorrhagic Ischemic Intracranial mass Primary brain tumor Brain metastases Infection Meningitis Encephalitis Brain abscess Anatomical causes Hydrocephalus Pseudotumor cerebri Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Secondary causes Migraine Seizure…
