© Springer India 2017Karthik Gunasekaran and N Pandiyan (eds.)Male Infertility10.1007/978-81-322-3604-7_9 9. Varicocele Karthik Gunasekaran1 (1) The Metromale Clinic: Super Specialty Clinic for Male Sexual Health and Fertility, No. 1, Crescent Park Street, T. Nagar, Landmark: Near…
Fig. 2.1 Hypothalamo–pituitary–testicular axis (graphical representation). GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, − feedback inhibition, + stimulation Conclusion The process of spermatogenesis involves a complex interplay of…
© Springer India 2017Karthik Gunasekaran and N Pandiyan (eds.)Male Infertility10.1007/978-81-322-3604-7_3 3. Ultrastructure of Human Spermatozoa Priya Kannan1, 2, 3 (1) Academy of Clinical Embryologists, Bangalore, India (2) Medical Genetics, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University,…
Obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin Cystic fibrosis Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) Congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) Congenital bilateral epididymal obstruction and normal vasa…
Semen characteristics WHO 1980 WHO 1987 WHO 1992 WHO 1999 WHO 2010a Volume (ml) ND ≥2 ≥2 ≥2 1.5 Sperm count (106/ml) 20-200 ≥20 ≥20 ≥20 15 Total sperm count…
Fig. 22.1 Histologic features of phosphate enema effect. Superficial mucosal hemorrhage and focal mucin depletion of the colonic surface epithelium are noted. There is no inflammation of the crypts (hematoxylin-eosin…
Fig. 45.1 Typical initial PEG/PRG tube with internal “bumper” and external “crossbar” When a G-tube is placed surgically, the type of initial tube can vary from a standard mushroom-type tube…
High risk of bacteremia High risk of infection unrelated to bacteremia Low risk of infection Dilatation of esophageal stricture Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) Routine EGD, IC, or sigmoidoscopy…
Fig. 20.1 Compression view of the right lower quadrant from SBFT demonstrates a long segment of narrowed, ulcerated, and nodular-appearing ileum giving the characteristic “cobblestone” appearance (arrows). Loop separation caused…
Fig. 56.1 Variation in care. (a) Improving quality by decreasing variation. (b) Improving quality by shifting distribution Variation in care has been demonstrated in pediatric IBD [10–12]. In one study,…
