Vesical Trauma and Hemorrhage
Vesical Trauma and Hemorrhage CHAD M. GRIDLEY CHRISTOPHER D. MCCLUNG BLADDER TRAUMA Trauma is the most common cause of bladder injury; however, only 1.6% of trauma victims will have a…
Vesicovaginal Fistula
Vesicovaginal Fistula HAJAR I. AYOUB O. LENAINE WESTNEY A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an epithelialized or fibrous communication between the bladder and vagina. Physically, psychologically, and socially, it is a…
Intestinourinary Fistulas
Intestinourinary Fistulas RYAN L. MORI ERIC A. KLEIN KENNETH W. ANGERMEIER An intestinourinary fistula is a pathologic extra-anatomic epithelialized connection that can be described based on the respective intestinal and…
Bladder Augmentation
Bladder Augmentation STEPHEN MARK Augmentation cystoplasty remains the surgical treatment of choice for the medically resistant neurogenic and nonneurogenic overactive bladder. The management goals are the provision of a low-pressure,…
Management of the Distal Ureter for Nephroureterectomy
Management of the Distal Ureter for Nephroureterectomy GAVIN N. WAGENHEIM SURENA F. MATIN The standard therapy for upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter is radical…
Radical Cystectomy in Men
Radical Cystectomy in Men MOHAMED A. GHONEIM AHMED M. HARRAZ Although more complex urinary diversions are increasingly employed, contemporary cystectomy is associated with very low mortality. Furthermore, the advent of…
Radical Cystectomy in Women
Radical Cystectomy in Women MIRIAM HADJ-MOUSSA JOANNE LUNDGREN CHERYL T. LEE TODD M. MORGAN In 2013, 72,000 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in the United States; almost 17,000…
Simple and Partial Cystectomy
Simple and Partial Cystectomy RYAN S. LEVEY JONATHAN C. PICARD SIMPLE CYSTECTOMY Simple cystectomy is performed in the setting of benign disease requiring urinary diversion or locally invasive nongenitourinary malignancy….
Bladder Diverticulectomy
Bladder Diverticulectomy SARAH FRAUMANN FARIS SAM S. CHANG Bladder diverticula are the herniation of the bladder mucosa through the detrusor muscle fibers and are classified as either congenital or acquired….
Anatomy of The Bladder
Anatomy of The Bladder CLINTON W. COLLINS ADAM P. KLAUSNER GENERAL DESCRIPTION The bladder is a hollow, muscular retroperitoneal organ with a capacity of 400 to 500 mL in the…
