Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has traditionally been managed by complete surgical resection (radical nephroureterectomy) without immediate concern for renal preservation. Increasing data support the role of nephron-sparing approaches, including…
The treatment options for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) include medical management, endoscopic submucosal injection of a bioimplant, and ureteroneocystostomy. In children, ureteroneocystostomy is primarily used, for the treatment of VUR or…
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as functional or anatomic obstruction of urine flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter. UPJO may be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic anatomic…
Ureteroscopy (URS) is one of the most commonly performed procedures today and has become the standard of care in treating many upper urinary tract diseases. Urologists need a thorough understanding…
Indications for ureterolithotomy are rare in the modern era of endourology. Current indications include stones with a low likelihood of treatment success using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or…
Preoperative Preparation and Planning Most clinically significant cases of ureteroceles are associated with duplex systems. There are different schools of thought as to what the best form of definitive surgical…
The introduction of flexible ureteroscopes and smaller semirigid ureteroscopes along with the continued miniaturization of both has revolutionized the endoscopic management of ureteral calculi. The addition of new technology to…
Ureteral strictures may arise from multiple etiologies, including trauma, surgery, infections, and malignancy. An accurate diagnosis is imperative so that the etiology, location, length, and possible involvement of surrounding structures…
Improvements in technology have expanded the indications for the ureteroscopic management of renal calculi. Flexible ureter-renoscopes have become smaller and more flexible and have improved optics compared with prior generations….
Intestinal interpositioning is generally considered a surgery of last resort in ureteral repair. Surgical alternatives not involving bowel should be explored before using intestine to bridge ureteral defects because of…
