Anal Carcinoma
Introduction Anal cancer is relatively rare, accounting for only 1.5% of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, its incidence is on the rise. Although chemotherapy/radiotherapy is the primary mode of treatment of anal…
Cause and Management of Anal Stenosis
Introduction Anal stenosis (also referred to as anal stricture) is an abnormal narrowing of the anus that often occurs after colon and rectal surgery. The diagnosis of anal stenosis is…
Management of Anal and Perianal Warts
Background and Epidemiology Anal warts (condyloma acuminata) occur as a result of infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HPV infection affects…
Anal Melanoma and Basal Cell Cancer of the Perianal Region
Introduction Anorectal melanoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. It can be found anywhere in the anal canal or distal rectum and can spread anywhere in the body….
Management of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (Formerly Bowen Disease) and Paget Disease
Introduction Malignancies of the anus, anal canal, and perianal skin include epidermoid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. From 2006 to 2010, the number of…
Anorectal Venereal Infections
Acknowledgment We thank Radu Clincea, MD, infectious disease consultant, for his assistance with this chapter. The anorectum is being used with increased frequency for sexual fulfillment. In both sexes this…
Management of Pruritus Ani
Introduction Patients with pruritus ani experience symptoms of perianal itching, burning, or soreness. These symptoms may occur during the day or night, with higher intensity after bowel movements, and may…
Pilonidal Sinus
Etiology Pilonidal disease is a common infection that occurs around hair-containing sinuses in the natal cleft. It usually presents in young men, and if it is not managed correctly, it…
Perianal Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which was first described by Alfred Velpeau in the early 1800s, is a chronic inflammatory condition of apocrine sweat glands affecting between 2% and 4% of young…
Anatomy and Physiology of the Colon, Rectum, and Anal Canal
Anatomy of the Colon and Rectum Colon The colon can be divided embryologically into the midgut (the transverse colon and portions proximal to it) and the hindgut (the distal half…
