Abstract The kidney is the master regulator of homeostasis. Despite substantial variations in intake, environmental conditions, or physical stresses from one individual to another or within the same individual over…
Abstract Kidney damage is manifested by loss of the integrity of the filtration barrier, impairment of tubular function, or other processes that interfere with normal kidney function. Urinalysis and urine…
Abstract The urinalysis is an essential component of the evaluation of patients with suspected parenchymal kidney disease and helps distinguish among the various causes of glomerular disease and acute or…
Abstract Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is generally considered the best overall assessment of kidney function. The normal level for GFR is 120 to 130 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 but varies according…
Abstract This chapter summarizes the major morphogenetic events during formation of nephrons and the collecting system in the mammalian kidney. The classification, developmental origin, and genetic basis of kidney-urinary tract…
