Key Concepts Print Section Listen Thoracic aortic aneurysm syndromes are due to genetic disorders inherited as autosomal dominant traits with reduced penetrance and incomplete expression. Hence, clinical phenotype is complex…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) accounts for 5 percent of all congenital heart anomalies and is responsible for 25 percent of cardiac deaths in…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is 0.19 per 1000 live births, accounting for 2.9 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. In about 60…
Introduction Print Section Listen The results of the surgical treatment of congenital cardiac malformations have been transformed within the last half-century. Prior to the development of cardiopulmonary bypass, it was…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are among the most common cardiac malformations, with prevalence [including persistence of patent foramen ovale (PFO)] greater than 15 percent…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the most common cyanotic cardiac anomaly, accounting for approximately 10 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. Morphology The…
Introduction Print Section Listen The history of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) parallels that of cardiac surgery and began with the introduction of the Gibbon bubble oxygenator.1 That revolutionary device opened…
Print Section Listen “Corrected transposition, when first encountered, resembles an unreal apparition…. All of the important people were there doing their expert job. The operation began well. The individual cardiac…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is 0.21 to 0.36 per 1000 live births, accounting for approximately 7 to 10 percent of all…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common noncyanotic cardiac anomaly (20 percent of all malformations); it is present in over 50 percent of…
