1 point 2 points 3 points Total bilirubin (mg/dl)a <3.4 3.4–5.0 >5.0 INR <1.7 1.7–2.3 >2.3 Albumin (g/dl) >3.5 2.8–3.5 <2.8 Ascites None Mild Moderate–severe Hepatic encephalopathy None Medically…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Theodore Hong and Prajnan Das (eds.)Radiation Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers10.1007/978-3-319-43115-4_5 5. Gastric Cancer: Background and Clinical Evidence Christopher L. Hallemeier1 and Michael G. Haddock1 (1) Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Michael G. Haddock Email:…
Fig. 3.1 American Joint Committee on Cancer 2010 esophageal cancer staging system 3.5 Prognostic Factors (a) According to SEER Data, the 5-year survival of patients with esophageal cancer…
Short-term infusional fluorouracil and leucovorin for gastrointestinal cancer (modified de Gramont schedule) [2] Each cycle is 14 days Drug Dose/route Administration Leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV Day 1 given over 2…
1 Etiopathogenesis Overview Heterogeneous disorders. The collective term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) obscures the distinctive nature of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These are separate conditions, with some overlapping and…
5 Drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease This chapter outlines the pharmacology, mechanism of action, indications, side effects, monitoring and contraindications of drugs currently used as specific anti-inflammatory agents…
8 Medical management of Crohn’s disease Treatment of Crohn’s disease not only depends on disease activity and site, as in ulcerative colitis, but also needs to be tailored according to…
3 Extraintestinal manifestations and complications The many systemic associations and complications of IBD affect 6–50% of patients with the disease; most affect the liver/biliary tree, joints, skin and eyes (Table…
7 Medical management of ulcerative colitis Treatment of active ulcerative colitis Treatment is determined by: • the extent of disease • the severity of the attack. Knowledge of the extent…
