Image 21.1 Barloccini, 1849 In 494 B.C.E. the roman consul Menenio Agrippa, during the plebes revolt against the patricians, explained the roman social order with a metaphor about the human…
Fig. 15.1 Standard colonoscope 12.8 mm. Pediatric colonoscope 11.8 mm From the structural point of view, the colonoscope is composed – from the outside inwards – of an outer cover…
Fig. 22.1 Complete mesorectum in a TME specimen showing an intact mesorectal surface with no defects as well as a high tie Fig. 22.2 Incomplete mesorectum in a TMS specimen…
Fig. 3.1 Identification of the ileocolic pedicle According to the Okuda and Nobuhiko classification (Milsom et al. 2006a), the vascular anatomy of this area may be classified into two types…
Fig. 6.1 Pelvic view of the levator ani demonstrating its three main components: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus. Reprinted with permission from (Canda et al. 2010) Fig. 6.2 Diagram of a coronal…
Fig. 14.1 Examination table configurations for examination positions. (a) Prone jackknife position. (b) Lithoomy position. (c) Left lateral (Sims’ position) 3 Patient Positions 3.1 Prone Jack-Knife Position The prone jackknife…
Fig. 20.1 Anal sphincter electromyography. Individual motor unit action potentials can no longer be seen at higher levels of muscle activation. (a) Normal (full) interference pattern; (b) reduced (neuropathic) interference…
Tumor stage/location Treatment option Polyploid T1m cancer Snare polypectomy Sessile T1m cancer EMR or ESD TAEX T1sm ESD or TAEX T2, no LAR T2, no/low RT-capecitabine followed by LAR T2,…
Fig. 2.1 During the sixth week in utero the midgut herniates out of the abdominal wall and rotates 90° counterclockwise. By the tenth week the midgut rotates an additional 180°…
Antidiarrheal agents Antiparkinson drugs Antiepileptics Antispasmodics Antihistamines Calcium channel blockers Antidepressants Diuretics Antipsychotics Sympathomimetics Antiacids with aluminum or calcium NSAIDs Table 24.2 Condition associated to constipation (Diamant et al. 1999)…
