Drug class Common examples Mechanism Anticholinesterases Pyridostigmine Cholinesterase inhibition Antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram Serotonergic effect on the hypothalamus or spinal cord Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Mirtazapine Paroxetine Trazodone …
1. Have sleep habits changed? Duration, quality, onset of sleep, sleep interruptions, and nightmares? 2. Daytime sleepiness? Particularly in the morning? Afternoon naps? 3. Increase in blood pressure in the…
Symptom Alternative etiology Cardiovascular Orthostatic intolerance: Symptoms due to cerebral, retinal, or global hypoperfusion: Light-headedness, unclear thinking Blurred vision, loss of peripheral and color vision, darkened vision Coat hanger or…
Fig. 32.1 Parks classification (A) superficial fistula (B) intersphincteric fistula (C) transsphincteric fistula (D) suprasphinteric fistula (E) extrasphincteric fistula (From Simpson et al. [1]) In this chapter, the data regarding…
Patient population Intervention Comparator Outcomes studied Patients with RC and SCRLM Staged rectum-first approach Liver-first approach Simultaneous resections approach Perioperative morbidity Disease free survival (DFS) OS Results Evaluation of the…
Polyp Characteristics Very large size is a relative contraindication for endoscopic removal (the skill set of the endoscopist is also a factor); polyps that involve the great majority of the…
Patient population Intervention Comparators Outcomes studied Rectal cancer patients undergoing low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis Colonic reservoir creation: J-pouch, transverse coloplasty, or side-to-end anastomosis Straight coloanal anastomosis Postoperative morbidity…
(a) Patient population Intervention Comparator Outcomes studied Rectal cancer, post neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy Laparoscopically performed TME Open TME Procedure related morbidity Length of stay, complications – grade 3/4/5, anastomotic leak,…
P (patients) I (intervention) C (comparator) O (outcomes) Patients undergoing colorectal surgery 1. Laparoscopic- assisted approach or 2. Enhanced recovery program/fast track pathway 1. Traditional open surgery or 2. Conventional…
P Patient population Unresectable, metastatic colon cancer with an asymptomatic primary tumor I Intervention Primary tumor resection (colectomy) followed by 1st line chemotherapy, C Comparator 1st line chemotherapy with primary…
