Paradigm of T Cell Differentiation in IBD
Fig. 14.1 Differentiation of helper CD4+ T cells. When antigens specific for their own TCR are presented to naïve T cells by APC through MHC class-II/TCR signal with co-stimulatory signals,…
Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Daniel C. Baumgart (ed.)Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_12 12. Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Arthur Kaser1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge,…
Immune Functions of Epithelial Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 11.1 Epithelial cells and the coordination of immune homeostasis: (1) IFN-gamma released by T-cells can increase tight junction permeability and induce apical expression of ICAM-1. Together this allows migration…
Immune Cells: Monocytes and Macrophages
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Daniel C. Baumgart (ed.)Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_10 10. Immune Cells: Monocytes and Macrophages Gerhard Rogler1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland…
Immunobiology of B Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 9.1 Functional diversity of B cells in IBD: Immunoglobulins (Igs) produced by B cells may have both deleterious and protective roles in IBD. Binding of autoantibodies to colonic tissues…
Immunobiology of T-Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 8.1 Regulatory and Effector T cell populations controlling IBD. Various effector T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th9) are depicted and their cytokine secretion patterns as well as potential…
Intestinal Microbiology and Ecology in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
(1) Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany Ludovica F. ButtóChair of Nutrition and Immunology Email: ludovica.butto@tum.de Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include the two main phenotypes Crohn’s disease (CD)…
Immunobiology of Human Dendritic Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Fig. 7.1 Model of the three major myeloid dendritic cell populations and their hypothesized (dys)function in human inflammatory bowel disease (The majority of pathways were identified for Crohn’s disease and…
Vascular Responses to Intestinal Inflammation
Fig. 6.1 Microvascular responses to intestinal inflammation. Arterioles exhibit impaired vasomotor function that is manifested as an early hyperemia and a later phase of vasoconstriction. The hyperemic response may contribute…
Bladder Emptying: Complete Emptying
Fig. 18.1 CMG: slightly decreased cystometric bladder capacity (~330 mL); no DO; high compliance; no leak with valsalva maneuver; incomplete emptying on PFS with high-pressure, low-flow pattern (P det@Q max = 57…
