Liver biopsy
Chapter 33 LIVER BIOPSY KEY POINTS • Liver biopsy is frequently performed to assist in the diagnosis and staging of liver disease. • Since liver biopsy is an invasive procedure,…
The hepatitis C-positive patient
Chapter 35 THE HEPATITIS C-POSITIVE PATIENT KEY POINTS • Hepatitis C is the leading cause for liver transplantation. • Specific viral nucleic acid testing is available to confirm the diagnosis…
Anaesthesia for endoscopy
Chapter 29 ANAESTHESIA FOR ENDOSCOPY KEY POINTS • Patients do not need a deep level of anaesthesia, only moderate sedation—drug-induced depression of consciousness. • A review of medications and results…
Acute hepatitis
Chapter 34 ACUTE HEPATITIS KEY POINTS • Acute hepatitis generally denotes conditions of self-limiting hepatic injury. • The majority are caused by viral hepatitis with variable geographic prevalence. • History…
HIV/AIDS: gastrointestinal and liver manifestations
Chapter 22 HIV/AIDS GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER MANIFESTATIONS KEY POINTS • In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), reduction in oral intake is a critical factor in malnutrition and cachexia. Nutritional supplementation is…
Evaluating abnormal liver tests
CHAPTER 30 EVALUATING ABNORMAL LIVER TESTS KEY POINTS • Liver enzyme abnormalities may be physiological or pathological. • Any persistent elevation of liver function tests must be investigated. • A…
How to prepare patients for endoscopic procedures
Chapter 28 HOW TO PREPARE PATIENTS FOR ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES KEY POINTS Correct patient preparation involves: • Informed consent—a discussion of the nature of the procedure as well as risks, benefits…
Practical issues in nutrition and supplementation in gastrointestinal disease
Chapter 26 PRACTICAL ISSUES IN NUTRITION AND SUPPLEMENTATION IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE KEY POINTS • In upper gastrointestinal obstruction, endoscopic techniques facilitate access to the normal functional bowel distal to the…
Inflammatory bowel disease
Chapter 16 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE KEY POINTS Ulcerative colitis: • In ulcerative colitis (UC), the rectum is always involved, which may lead to urgency and bleeding. • The main parameters…
