Pharmacogenomics
The clinical management of bladder cancer has seen little change over the last three decades and there is pressing need to identify more effective treatments for advanced disease. Low clinical…
Emerging Bladder Cancer Biomarkers and Targets of Therapy
Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by complex networks of molecular alterations and gene expression. This review summarizes some of the recent genomic studies that have further advanced the…
Current Status of Urinary Biomarkers for Detection and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer
The standard of care for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer consists of cytology and cystoscopy, but both examinations suffer from many limitations, including issues related to accuracy, invasiveness, and…
Urinary Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer
In light of the overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with widespread prostate-specific antigen–based screening, controversy persists surrounding the detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Given its anatomic proximity to the…
4-Kallikrein Test and Kallikrein Markers in Prostate Cancer Screening
A preponderance of clinical evidence supports a significant public health benefit for prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–based screening and early detection of prostate cancer in appropriately counseled and selected men. Population-based screening…
New Genetic Markers for Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer risk stratification based on conventional clinical and pathologic characteristics alone may misclassify a proportion of men at various stages of the disease process. Many gene-based assays have emerged…
The Prostate Health Index
The Prostate Health Index is a Food and Drug Administration–approved blood test combining total, free, and [-2]pro prostate-specific antigen with greater specificity than free and total prostate-specific antigen for clinically…
Biomarkers in Urologic Cancer
Kevin R. Loughlin, MD, MBA, Editor This issue of Urologic Clinics is devoted to biomarkers. The writer Sean O’Casey said, “Nothing is so powerful as an idea whose time has…
Biomarkers in Urologic Cancer
Samir S. Taneja, MD, Consulting Editor This wonderful issue of Urologic Clinics explores the current and evolving role of biomarkers in urologic oncology. While we often consider biomarkers only in…
Management of Hypogonadism in Cardiovascular Patients
Key points • Testosterone replacement therapy should only be prescribed to men with both clinical symptoms of androgen deficiency and unequivocally low testosterone levels. • Despite a relatively constant prevalence…
